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Introduction
first.
Maxim Gorky (real name Alexei Maximovich Peshkov, 1868 - 1936) was one of the most famous Russian writers in the twentieth century.
Gorky started his writing career with short stories and short stories are also his most successful compositions.
A few months before composing the short story The Old Lady Izergil, Gorky wrote: “It is necessary for words to ring like false bells, to move people and push people forward. Let people be aware of their mistakes and ashamed of the past. Let people ache with the distaste for the present and let them ache with longing for the future.” Gorky understood the noble meaning of life and of art. And he shows it in his short story works.
Gorky is famous as a writer of "barefoot army" nomads throughout Russia. The wandering life of the writer himself in his youth helped him create very unique images. In fact, Gorky was not the only one who wrote about vagabonds. Before him, some other Russian writers also chose this topic for their works (such as Reshetnikov, Uspensky[1]...). The nomads in their works are often described as the "scum" of society: alcoholics, robbers, murderers, etc. The writers have built the image of these people as scumbags. victims of a society where order is upended, victims so damned by fate that they no longer see the right and wrong of life, are not aware of the injustices they have to endure.
The uniqueness of Gorky's swashbuckling characters is that they are not just "scum", victims. They are also the embodiment of love for nature and for beauty. They are also people with a sense of self, and they declare war on society. Gorky lives the lives of his characters, he blends in with them, sometimes expressing his thoughts through their words. Gorky's nomads are not necessarily crushed by fate, but on the contrary often feel proud of their poor and wandering life, because it is a free life that is extremely rich in many things. interesting and useful. The character Makar Chudra in the short story of the same name said: "As for me, in fifty-eight years I have seen many things (...) What other country do you think I have not visited?... Life must be like that: go, go forever, that's all. Another character stated: "I'll be wandering around until my hair turns white... I'd be bored if I had to stay in one place." Gorky's characters are more than just wanderers on their feet for a living. Their wandering has another meaning: it is the search for the meaning of life, the search for truth. They don't always find it, their fate is sometimes tragic, but the important thing is that they went, searched, struggled, tried to rise up, not just bowed their heads to accept life. trivial.
The reality of life appears in Gorky's short stories in light and dark colors, giving rise to both joy and pain, sympathy and indignation. That reality is first and foremost man himself. In the world of the soul that is always tormented and tormented, the writer has subtly pointed out the noble expressions. However, the aspiration to reach the future, to reach the perfect ideal of man can hardly be integrated with the present appearance and actual relations of man.

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